Saboda fa'idojin sa, an yi amfani da tsarin ƙarfe sosai a cikin gine-ginen zamani kamar Bridges, bita na masana'antu da manyan gine-gine.A cikin aiwatar da adadi mai yawa na aikin injiniya, injin ƙirar ƙarfe shima ya fallasa matsaloli masu inganci sosai.Wannan takarda galibi yana tattauna matsalolin gama gari da matakan gyara a cikin yarda da kammala ƙirar ƙarfe a lardin Liaoning a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.

Sashe na matsalolin gina gine -gine na ƙarfe da mafita

1. Samar da abubuwa
Fuskokin da aka yi amfani da su na filayen ƙarfe masu ƙyalli suna da kauri sosai kuma suna iya zama kamar bakin ciki kamar 4 mm Ya kamata a fi son hanyar yanke don guje wa yanke wuta.Domin yanke harshen zai sa gefen farantin ya haifar da babban nakasa. , galibin masana'antun walda h-beam suna amfani da walƙiyar arc ɗin da aka murƙushe ko walƙiya ta atomatik.Idan iko bai yi kyau ba, lalacewar walda yakamata ta faru, don membobin suna lanƙwasa ko karkatarwa.

2. Shigar da kafar ginshiƙi
(1) Sassan da aka saka (anga): gaba ɗaya ko karkacewar shimfida; Ba daidai ba ɗagawa; Ba a kare zaren ba. Ramin ƙulle na farantin ginshiƙi na ƙarfe ba shi da matsayi kuma tsawon zaren bai isa ba.
Matakan: Ƙungiyar ginin tsarin ƙarfe za ta ba da haɗin kai tare da rukunin gine -ginen farar hula don kammala aikin sakawa kafin zubo da kankare.

(2) kushin kusoshi ba a tsaye suke ba, kuma kuskuren kwance na kusoshin anga da aka saka yana da girma bayan ginin tushe.Bayan an shigar da ginshiƙi, baya kan layi madaidaiciya, kuma an karkatar da shi daga gefe zuwa gefe, wanda ke yin bayyanar na gidan sosai. Yana kawo kurakurai ga shigowar ginshiƙin ƙarfe, kuma tasirin tsarin ya shafi, wanda bai cika buƙatun lambar karba ba.
Matakan: shigar da ƙullewar anga yakamata ya bi faranti na ƙasa tare da matakin daidaita ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙasa, sannan cika da turmi na saƙƙarwar turmi, hanyar gina ƙasashen waje. Anga bolt.Ku shiga cikin keji, ku cika goyon baya, ko ɗaukar wasu ingantattun matakan don hana ƙullewar motsi daga motsi yayin zub da harsashin ginin.

(3) Matsalar haɗin ƙullewar anga: ba a ƙulle ƙullen anga a ƙafar ginshiƙi, kuma ba a haɗa farantin goyan baya tare da farantin ƙasa; Ba a bayyana 2 ~ 3 kusoshin zaren ba.
Matakan: Ya kamata a rungumi kusoshi da na goro; A waje na kushin sunadarai, ya kamata a ƙara fenti na wuta da rufi na zafi don hana aikin katsewar da wuta ta shafa.

3. Matsalar haɗi
(1) Haɗin ƙulli mai ƙarfi
Fuskar kayan ƙulle ba ta cika abubuwan da ake buƙata ba, wanda ke haifar da shigar da kusoshi mai wuya, ko matakin ɗaurin ƙwanƙwasa bai cika buƙatun ƙira ba.
Binciken dalilin:
A. Akwai tsatsa mai yawo, mai da sauran ƙazanta a farfajiya, ramukan ƙulle burr, walda tumor, da sauransu.
B. ko da yake an sarrafa farfajiyar da aka yi amfani da ita, har yanzu akwai lahani.
Magani:
a: Dole ne a tsabtace farfajiyar manyan kusoshi daya bayan daya don tsatsa mai yawo, man fetur da ramukan kusoshi.Za a yi amfani da rigakafin tsatsa kafin amfani ba za a yi amfani da shi a cikin taron jama'a ba. ta mutane na musamman.
b: kula da farfajiyar taron yakamata yayi la'akari da tsarin gini da tsarin shigarwa, don hana maimaitawa, da ƙoƙarin yin ma'amala kafin hawa.

Idan zaren dunƙule na ƙwanƙolin ya lalace, ba za a iya dunƙule dunƙule cikin goro ba, wanda zai shafi taron ƙulle.
Binciken dalili: Waƙar igiyar ta lalace sosai.
Magani:
(1) Yakamata a zaɓi Bolts kafin amfani, bayan tsaftace tsatsa don daidaitawa.
(2) dunƙule dunƙule ba za a iya amfani da shi azaman kusoshi na wucin gadi ba, kar a tilasta shiga cikin ramin dunƙule.
(3) Za a adana taron da aka zaɓa wanda aka riga aka zaɓa bisa ga hannun riga, kuma ba za a musanya shi ba lokacin amfani.
(1) Ya kamata a tsabtace saman manyan kusoshi masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi don tsatsa mai yawo, mai da ramukan ƙulli.Za a yi amfani da rigakafin tsatsa kafin amfani ba za a yi amfani da shi a cikin taro na yau da kullun ba. mutane na musamman suka bayar.
(2) kula da farfajiyar taron yakamata yayi la'akari da tsarin gini da shigarwa, don hana maimaitawa, da ƙoƙarin yin ma'amala kafin hawa.
(2) Yanayin walda a kan yanar gizo: inganci yana da wuyar tabbatarwa; Tsarin yana buƙatar cewa welds na farko da na biyu tare da cikakken shigar azzakari cikin farji kada su yi amfani da gano ɓarna na ultrasonic; Babban katako da ginshiƙan bene ba a haɗa su ba; Babu arc ana amfani da farantin don walda.
Magani: tsarin ƙarfe kafin walda, walda takardar shaidar dubawa, labarin walda ya ƙunshi zaɓin gwargwadon buƙatun ƙira, bisa ga umarnin da hanyoyin suna buƙatar amfani da lantarki, farfajiyar walda ba za ta sami fashewa, walƙiya, a, matakin 2 walda ba zai iya samun porosity, slag, crater crack, matakin walda zai ciji baki ba, a ƙarƙashin lamuran walda, kamar a, matakin 2 walda gwajin rashin ƙarfi, daidai da buƙatun a cikin walda da sassan ƙa'idodi don duba hatimin walda. Ba za a zubar da welds ɗin da ba su cancanta ba ba tare da izini ba, kuma za a zubar da su bayan an ƙaddara tsarin gyara. Yawan gyaran walda a bangare guda ba zai wuce sau biyu ba.

4. Nakasa na kayan
(1) Bangaren ya lalace yayin sufuri, yana haifar da mutuƙar lanƙwasawa ko jinkirin lanƙwasawa, wanda ya sa ba za a iya shigar da sashin ba.
Binciken dalilin:
1) Nakasa da ke haifar da walda yayin ƙirƙira abubuwan haɗin gwiwa gaba ɗaya yana gabatar da lanƙwasawa.
2) Lokacin da za a yi jigilar abubuwan, abubuwan matattarar masu goyan baya ba su da ma'ana, kamar katako mai matse babba da ƙananan ba a tsaye yake ba, ko kuma wurin da aka tara shi, wanda ke haifar da matsewar lanƙwasawa ko jinkirin lalacewar abubuwan.
3) A cikin jigilar abubuwan da aka gyara, nakasa yana haifar da karo, wanda gaba ɗaya yana nuna lanƙwasawa.
Matakan rigakafi:
1) Za a yi amfani da matakan rage naƙasasshen walda a ƙirƙiro abubuwan.
2) A cikin taro da walda, za a karɓi matakan kamar naƙasasshe na juyi. Jerin taron zai bi tsarin walda. Za a yi amfani da kayan ƙera taro kuma za a saita isasshen tallafi don hana nakasa.
3) Don jigilar kaya da jigilar kaya, kula da daidaitattun daidaitattun wuraren matashin kai.
Magani:
1) Mutuwar lanƙwasawa membobi gabaɗaya ana bi da su ta hanyar hanyar gyara injin. Yi amfani da jakar ko wasu kayan aikin don gyara ko tare da harshen oxyacetylene bayan gyara.
2) Takeauki dumamar wutar oxyacetylene don gyara jinkirin lanƙwasa tsarin.
(2) Bayan haɗa membobin katako na ƙarfe, cikakkiyar murdiyar tsayin ta wuce ƙimar da aka yarda, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin shigarwa na katako na ƙarfe.
Binciken dalilin:
1) Tsarin dinki mara ma'ana.
2) Girman nodes taro bai cika buƙatun ƙira ba.
Magani:
1) Membobin majalisar za a sanye su da teburin taro, wanda zai daidaita matakin ƙasa na membobi yayin walda don hana warping.Taron taron ya zama cikakke a kwance, ya kamata a hana gurɓatar walda. Musamman don taron ƙarshe na ɓangaren katako ko stairway, ya zama dole a daidaita nakasa bayan sanya waldi, kuma a kula da girman gabobin daidai da ƙirar, in ba haka ba membobin za su sami sauƙin gurbata.
2) Yakamata a ƙarfafa membobin da ke da ƙarancin ƙarfi kafin juyawa da daidaita su bayan juyawa, in ba haka ba ba za a iya gyara su ba bayan walda.
(3) Lokacin da membobi suke arch, ƙimar ta bushe ko ƙasa da ƙimar ƙira. Lokacin da ƙimar arba'in ta ƙunshi ƙanƙanta, katako na baya na shigarwa yana lanƙwasa zuwa ƙasa. mai sauƙin wuce misali.
Binciken dalilin:
1) Girman abubuwan da aka gyara bai cika buƙatun ƙira ba.
2) Lokacin ginawa, ba a yin gyara gwargwadon banbanci tsakanin ƙimomin da aka ƙidaya.
3) Bridges tare da ƙaramin tazara suna da ƙaramin matakin baka kuma ana watsi da su a cikin taro.
Magani:
1) Duba kowane mataki gwargwadon gwargwadon canjin da membobin tsarin ƙarfe ke bayarwa.
2) A lokacin gini, za a auna matakin babba na sama bayan an saka sassan sanda kuma an gama haɗin gwiwa a wurin, kuma za a yi wasu gyare -gyare yayin gini.
3) A cikin ƙaramin tsarin taro, yakamata a sarrafa madaidaiciyar tarnaƙi kuma a ɗauki matakan kawar da tasirin walƙiya.

5. Shigar da tsarin karfe
(1) Kafin a ɗaga ginshiƙin ƙarfe, za a sarrafa madaidaicin tushe sosai kuma a auna daidai, kuma za a daidaita shimfidar tushe daidai gwargwado. kamar yadda aka buɗe ramin shaye -shaye) a ƙasan ginshiƙi, wurin da ba daidai ba a kasan ginshiƙi an daidaita shi da farantin goyan bayan ƙarfe, kuma an shirya farantin karfe a gindin ginshiƙi gwargwadon ƙimar ƙirar a gaba , sannan kuma an karɓi grouting na sakandare.
(2) Kafin a zubar da harsashin ginin kankare, za a liƙa dunƙulen da aka saka gwargwadon matsayin ƙira ta hanyar amfani da ƙyallen da aka hana don hana ƙaura daga faruwa yayin zubar da kankare. kuma yakamata ayi ramin da aka tanada bayan tantance inda ramin yake.
(3) Yakamata a ɗaga ginshiƙin ƙarfe a wurin gwargwadon ma'aunin rataya, kuma dole ne a karɓi hanyar ɗaga sama da maki biyu. A lokacin ɗagawa, yakamata a gyara shi na ɗan lokaci don hana lalacewar ɗagawa; Yakamata a ƙara tallafi na ɗan lokaci a cikin lokaci bayan ginshiƙin yana aiki; Yakamata a gyara karkacewar tsaye kafin gyara.
Na biyu, ƙarshe
Kawai a cikin tsarin gudanar da gine -gine, ƙarfafa ma'aikatan fasaha zuwa ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi da hanyoyin aiki, nazarin horon ma'aikata, ainihin shirye kafin gini, ƙarfafa ingantaccen inganci yayin aiwatar da gini, kulawa da dubawa, wasa mai aiki ga rawar. na gini, kulawa da sauran fannoni daban -daban, yi kyakkyawan aiki yayin aiwatar da ayyukan sashe na yarda don tabbatar da ingancin ƙimar injin ƙarfe.

Babban Kayan samfuranmu:

1. Karfe bututu (Zagaye/ Square/ Siffa ta musamman/ SSAW)

2. bututu na kwanton wutar lantarki (EMT/IMC/RMC/BS4568-1970/BS31-1940)

3. Sashen Karfe Mai Sassa (C /Z /U /M)

4. Karfe Angle da katako (V Angle Bar / H Beam / U Beam)

5. Karfe Scaffolding Prop

6. Tsarin Karfe (Ayyukan Frame)

7. Tsarin Daidaici Akan Karfe (yankan, daidaitawa, daidaitawa, latsawa, mirgina zafi, mirgina sanyi, bugawa, hakowa, walda, da sauransu gwargwadon bukatun abokin ciniki)

8. Hasumiyar Karfe

9. Tsarin Hawan Rana